The wonderful world of abs

[Diane]

Here is a bit of article I found, there are lots that address this issue of cytokines crossing placenta or not depending on what sort they are. (I didn't put in the URL as it would have stretched the page out and made it annoying to read. It was found on google by entering, cytokines + placenta.


Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Mar;103(3):546-50. Related Articles, Links
Click here to read
Transfer of inflammatory cytokines across the placenta.

Zaretsky MV, Alexander JM, Byrd W, Bawdon RE.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9032, USA. MZARET@parknet.pmh.org

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the placental transfer of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) occurs. METHODS: Four normal-term placentas were perfused for maternal-fetal transfer of the cytokines, 2 placentas for fetal-maternal transfer, and 4 additional placentas were used for an endogenous control. The ex vivo isolated cotyledon human placental perfusion model was used. The reference compound antipyrine was used to determine the transport fraction and clearance index of the cytokines. The cytokines were added to either the maternal or fetal circulations, and samples were collected for 1 hour in a constant-flow open circulation. Cytokine levels were compared between the study and control placentas. Concentrations of the cytokines were measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The clearance index for the maternal-fetal transfer of IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha was 0.001, suggesting minimal transfer to the fetal circulation. The clearance index for IL-6 was 0.30, indicating transfer to the fetal circulation. When the cytokines were added to the fetal circulation, the clearance index for IL-1alpha was 0.001, again indicating minimal transfer. The clearance index for TNF-alpha in the fetal-maternal study was not determined. IL-6 had a clearance index of 0.23, which was similar to that observed with maternal-fetal transfer. IL-6 concentrations in the study placentas were higher than the concentrations found in the controls. CONCLUSION: There appears to be bidirectional transfer of IL-6 in the healthy-term human placental perfusion model. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2

PMID: 14990420 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[bernard]

:arrow: the missing link =>

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14990420

[bernard]

Diane,

I remind me the thread you posted on NOI about abs,
http://www.noigroup.com/ubb/Forum1/HTML/001083.html

The new thread you posted pushes to ask you some questions;
1/ Do you think that TrA are overemphasized in physiotherapy?
2/ What are your thoughts, here, with neuromatrix and neuromodules? I have some hard to make a connection.
3/ Do you think that mother life and well-being has definitely an instill on the future of the baby? (I think so).

[Diane]

Hi Bernard,
You asked:
1/ "Do you think that TrA are overemphasized in physiotherapy?"

Abs-solutely.

2/ "What are your thoughts, here, with neuromatrix and neuromodules? I have some hard to make a connection."

The abs (all of them) are embryologically connected with the thoracic spine, so I think their function is more to do with whatever "action neuromodules" govern breathing. The obliques share fascial connection with serratus anterior (yet another possible deranging factor in cases of "frozen shoulder") The outer ab fascial layers are continuous with upper anterior thigh fascia. I would assert that all movments of limbs pull ultimately on the navel. I see the navel as a somewhat important, sensitive feedback mechanism for motion. It's in the middle, or should be, it has a whole bunch of old cord remnants (which become intra abdominal 'ligaments') that radiate in various directions inside, it exists as a perpendicular scar through all the layers of abs, and anything one does with arms or legs (can you think of any "action neuromodules" that don't involve arms and legs?) will tug on it via the layers I mentioned above.


3/ "Do you think that mother life and well-being has definitely an instill on the future of the baby? (I think so)"

Abs-solutely. Lots of things can get across that placental barrier including noxious substances. I've read that as the brain is forming, the amygdala (pre-verbal memory) is "online" much earlier than the hippocampus.. I don't have much difficulty intuiting that substance abuse or high maternal stress levels could swamp the poor fetal amygdala and warp that person's entire life. I think I recall reading that the hippocampus comes along to ameliorate (but can never eradicate) the amygdala output a few years after birth. So that initial postbirth period is a time of huge input as well.

In short, I love to speculate (navel gaze) about abs, and I think there is a lot to be determined about psychological "action neuromodules", sympathetic NS outputs, and abs. I think they are either way too ignored, as sensitive inputters into the deeper layers of brain function, or else rigidly overtrained in some misbegotten attempt to exert control over them. Poor abs! Why not just enjoy them by learning to belly dance?
:D
Diane

[BB]

Diane,
something your ab discussion made me realize...
I am a runner and avid hiker,
While running last week I noticed how even though my legs were not tired, I felt exhausted. I checked my pulse which was high, scary high. I am a mouth breather and tend to breathe too shallow when I run. So, I tried breathing through my nose and to diaphragmatic breath which dropped my heart rate 20 beats per minute very quickly and my breathing rate from 33 to 18 per minute (as well as making me feel as though I was suffocating because my body wanted to breathe halfway through my exhale)! While hiking yesterday, I tried the same experiment...12 beat per minute difference just by altering my breathing to be deeper and more from the diaphragm. I have concentrated on holding abs tight while running for quite some time....guess I need to re-think about the abs role in breathing.

Cory

[Diane]

Hurray Cory!
Using your forebrain to preserve your body!
Diane